This is where your story still makes sense. Everything following the above line doesn’t anymore.
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You don’t get hit with a 330k penalty, it’s the leasing fee you would have paid either way. In AS, leasing is only paid at the END of each week, not at the start of each week. As such, you paid the 330k you were supposed to pay for the week lease you had on the plane.
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Your company should now have more money than it would have, since you got your deposit back. This means that, although you paid those 330k in the final leasing rate, you also got almost 3 million AS$ back from the deposit (leasing rate is 10% of your deposit)
As a rule of thumb, I always make sure to have enough cash on my account to survive the next few days, even if income would suddenly drop entirely. That means, the larger your airline grows, the bigger the buffer you need.
Since you don’t go bankrupt when you lose a plane (under normal circumstances you were either living above your means or you’ll be able to replace it within 24-48 hours), there is no emergency-loan like it exists for your business week closing.
As Jan said correctly, losing an airplane should never lead to your bankruptcy. Or rather, it should never be the primary reason for it, as there must be deeper faults that put you in the situation in the first place.